Measuring responsible AI in 136 countries
Measuring responsible AI in 136 countries
Measuring responsible AI in 136 countries
THEMATIC AREAS
THEMATIC AREAS

Human oversight and determination

Human oversight and determination

This thematic area measures steps countries have taken to facilitate human oversight and determination of AI systems, and to ensure a certain degree of human control in the design and operation of AI systems.

Human oversight can be defined as ‘the act of supervising something
[a practice, or process] by humans to ensure it is being done correctly’. 


Human determination, which is often referred to as ‘human agency’, is defined as ‘the capacity of an individual to act with free will’.

SCORES
SCORES
SCORES

Country and regional scores

Bright spots

Goverment Frameworks - Singapore

Goverment Frameworks - Singapore

Goverment Frameworks - Singapore

Goverment Frameworks - Singapore

Government actions - New Zealand

Government actions - New Zealand

Government actions - New Zealand

Government actions - New Zealand

Civil Society - India

Civil Society - India

Civil Society - India

Civil Society - India

Background

In the context of AI, human oversight requires systems to be designed in a way that allows for human supervision or control and provides clear channels for intervention or interference by humans to prevent or disrupt adverse effects in the use and deployment of AI tools. It is also worth noting that the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI, expands the traditional definition of human oversight to include ‘inclusive public oversight’ in appropriate circumstances. 


Human determination enables individuals to exercise judgment, evaluate complex ethical considerations, and make informed decisions that consider the broader societal impact, ensuring that AI is aligned with human values and responsible use.

Background

In the context of AI, human oversight requires systems to be designed in a way that allows for human supervision or control and provides clear channels for intervention or interference by humans to prevent or disrupt adverse effects in the use and deployment of AI tools. It is also worth noting that the UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of AI, expands the traditional definition of human oversight to include ‘inclusive public oversight’ in appropriate circumstances. 


Human determination enables individuals to exercise judgment, evaluate complex ethical considerations, and make informed decisions that consider the broader societal impact, ensuring that AI is aligned with human values and responsible use.

Relevance

The principle of 'human oversight and determination' is a crucial safeguard against the potential risks associated with AI systems. Its implementation involves incorporating human involvement in the design, development, use, and deployment of AI. This approach serves multiple purposes, including enhancing AI performance and safety, upholding ethical values such as legitimacy, accountability, human autonomy, agency, and fostering public trust in AI. Specifically, the introduction of policies mandating human oversight and determination acts as a quality control mechanism to prevent algorithmic harms, while also upholding human rights and dignity based on a rights-based approach to AI.

EVIDENCE

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EVIDENCE

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EVIDENCE

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EVIDENCE

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SCORES
SCORES
SCORES
SCORES

Country rankings by Human oversight and determination

🇳🇱 NetherlandsEurope97.31
🇩🇪 GermanyEurope93.70
🇬🇧 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandEurope92.64
🇨🇭 SwitzerlandEurope91.32
🇪🇪 EstoniaEurope87.82
🇮🇪 IrelandEurope85.63
🇨🇦 CanadaNorth America82.97
🇫🇷 FranceEurope82.75
🇱🇹 LithuaniaEurope81.64
🇺🇾 UruguaySouth and Central America80.92
🇮🇹 ItalyEurope79.01
🇳🇿 New ZealandAsia and Oceania77.59
🇦🇺 AustraliaAsia and Oceania77.05
🇱🇻 LatviaEurope73.62
🇦🇪 United Arab EmiratesMiddle East72.66
🇸🇮 SloveniaEurope70.39
🇸🇰 SlovakiaEurope67.19
🇸🇬 SingaporeAsia and Oceania66.49
🇯🇵 JapanAsia and Oceania63.33
🇺🇸 United States of AmericaNorth America62.63
🇷🇴 RomaniaEurope58.59
🇬🇷 GreeceEurope57.57
🇮🇩 IndonesiaAsia and Oceania51.27
🇧🇪 BelgiumEurope49.27
🇮🇳 IndiaAsia and Oceania48.15
🇧🇷 BrazilSouth and Central America46.29
🇫🇮 FinlandEurope46.24
🇻🇳 VietnamAsia and Oceania45.79
🇨🇳 ChinaAsia and Oceania44.74
🇧🇬 BulgariaEurope44.67
🇸🇦 Saudi ArabiaMiddle East44.40
🇦🇹 AustriaEurope43.81
🇵🇹 PortugalEurope40.51
🇲🇰 North MacedoniaEurope37.78
🇵🇱 PolandEurope36.58
🇭🇺 HungaryEurope34.07
🇵🇭 PhilippinesAsia and Oceania33.13
🇪🇸 SpainEurope33.00
🇰🇷 Republic of KoreaAsia and Oceania31.54
🇭🇷 CroatiaEurope29.46
🇨🇷 Costa RicaSouth and Central America28.40
🇰🇼 KuwaitMiddle East28.37
🇵🇸 Palestine *Middle East28.14
🇲🇺 MauritiusAfrica28.10
🇯🇴 JordanMiddle East27.12
🇩🇴 Dominican RepublicCaribbean25.71
🇲🇦 MoroccoAfrica24.77
🇨🇴 ColombiaSouth and Central America24.29
🇹🇳 TunisiaAfrica23.23
🇸🇳 SenegalAfrica22.59
🇰🇪 KenyaAfrica21.96
🇱🇰 Sri LankaAsia and Oceania21.96
🇭🇰 China, Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionAsia and Oceania18.62
🇹🇼 Taiwan *Asia and Oceania18.30
🇧🇭 BahrainMiddle East17.94
🇷🇸 SerbiaEurope17.73
🇳🇬 NigeriaAfrica14.81
🇿🇦 South AfricaAfrica13.02
🇲🇪 MontenegroEurope10.83
🇦🇷 ArgentinaSouth and Central America9.56
🇺🇦 UkraineEurope9.06
🇹🇹 Trinidad and TobagoCaribbean6.46
🇵🇪 PeruSouth and Central America5.26
🇲🇩 Republic of MoldovaEurope5.21
🇦🇲 ArmeniaAsia and Oceania4.74
🇬🇪 GeorgiaEurope4.53
🇲🇾 MalaysiaAsia and Oceania4.17
🇵🇰 PakistanAsia and Oceania3.85
🇹🇯 TajikistanAsia and Oceania1.87
🇦🇫 AfghanistanAsia and Oceania0.00
🇦🇱 AlbaniaEurope0.00
🇩🇿 AlgeriaAfrica0.00
🇦🇬 Antigua and BarbudaCaribbean0.00
🇦🇿 AzerbaijanAsia and Oceania0.00
🇧🇧 BarbadosCaribbean0.00
🇧🇾 BelarusEurope0.00
🇧🇿 BelizeCaribbean0.00
🇧🇯 BeninAfrica0.00
🇧🇹 BhutanAsia and Oceania0.00
🇧🇴 Bolivia (Plurinational State of)South and Central America0.00
🇧🇼 BotswanaAfrica0.00
🇧🇫 Burkina FasoAfrica0.00
🇧🇮 BurundiAfrica0.00
🇰🇭 CambodiaAsia and Oceania0.00
🇨🇲 CameroonAfrica0.00
🇨🇫 Central African RepublicAfrica0.00
🇹🇩 ChadAfrica0.00
🇨🇱 ChileSouth and Central America0.00
🇨🇮 Côte d'IvoireAfrica0.00
🇨🇩 Democratic Republic of the CongoAfrica0.00
🇪🇨 EcuadorSouth and Central America0.00
🇪🇬 EgyptAfrica0.00
🇸🇻 El SalvadorSouth and Central America0.00
🇪🇷 EritreaAfrica0.00
🇪🇹 EthiopiaAfrica0.00
🇬🇦 GabonAfrica0.00
🇬🇲 GambiaAfrica0.00
🇬🇭 GhanaAfrica0.00
🇬🇹 GuatemalaSouth and Central America0.00
🇬🇳 GuineaAfrica0.00
🇬🇾 GuyanaCaribbean0.00
🇭🇹 HaitiCaribbean0.00
🇭🇳 HondurasSouth and Central America0.00
🇯🇲 JamaicaCaribbean0.00
🇰🇿 KazakhstanAsia and Oceania0.00
🇽🇰 KosovoEurope0.00
🇰🇬 Kyrgyz RepublicAsia and Oceania0.00
🇱🇦 Lao People's Democratic RepublicAsia and Oceania0.00
🇱🇧 LebanonMiddle East0.00
🇱🇸 LesothoAfrica0.00
🇱🇷 LiberiaAfrica0.00
🇱🇾 LibyaAfrica0.00
🇲🇼 MalawiAfrica0.00
🇲🇱 MaliAfrica0.00
🇲🇽 MexicoNorth America0.00
🇲🇳 MongoliaAsia and Oceania0.00
🇲🇿 MozambiqueAfrica0.00
🇲🇲 MyanmarAsia and Oceania0.00
🇳🇦 NamibiaAfrica0.00
🇳🇵 NepalAsia and Oceania0.00
🇳🇪 NigerAfrica0.00
🇴🇲 OmanMiddle East0.00
🇵🇦 PanamaSouth and Central America0.00
🇵🇾 ParaguaySouth and Central America0.00
🇶🇦 QatarMiddle East0.00
🇷🇼 RwandaAfrica0.00
🇱🇨 Saint LuciaCaribbean0.00
🇸🇱 Sierra LeoneAfrica0.00
🇸🇴 SomaliaAfrica0.00
🇸🇸 South SudanAfrica0.00
🇹🇭 ThailandAsia and Oceania0.00
🇹🇬 TogoAfrica0.00
🇹🇲 TurkmenistanAsia and Oceania0.00
🇺🇬 UgandaAfrica0.00
🇹🇿 United Republic of TanzaniaAfrica0.00
🇺🇿 UzbekistanAsia and Oceania0.00
🇿🇲 ZambiaAfrica0.00
🇿🇼 ZimbabweAfrica0.00
🇳🇱 Netherlands97.31
🇩🇪 Germany93.70
🇬🇧 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland92.64
🇨🇭 Switzerland91.32
🇪🇪 Estonia87.82
🇮🇪 Ireland85.63
🇨🇦 Canada82.97
🇫🇷 France82.75
🇱🇹 Lithuania81.64
🇺🇾 Uruguay80.92
🇮🇹 Italy79.01
🇳🇿 New Zealand77.59
🇦🇺 Australia77.05
🇱🇻 Latvia73.62
🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates72.66
🇸🇮 Slovenia70.39
🇸🇰 Slovakia67.19
🇸🇬 Singapore66.49
🇯🇵 Japan63.33
🇺🇸 United States of America62.63
🇷🇴 Romania58.59
🇬🇷 Greece57.57
🇮🇩 Indonesia51.27
🇧🇪 Belgium49.27
🇮🇳 India48.15
🇧🇷 Brazil46.29
🇫🇮 Finland46.24
🇻🇳 Vietnam45.79
🇨🇳 China44.74
🇧🇬 Bulgaria44.67
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia44.40
🇦🇹 Austria43.81
🇵🇹 Portugal40.51
🇲🇰 North Macedonia37.78
🇵🇱 Poland36.58
🇭🇺 Hungary34.07
🇵🇭 Philippines33.13
🇪🇸 Spain33.00
🇰🇷 Republic of Korea31.54
🇭🇷 Croatia29.46
🇨🇷 Costa Rica28.40
🇰🇼 Kuwait28.37
🇵🇸 Palestine *28.14
🇲🇺 Mauritius28.10
🇯🇴 Jordan27.12
🇩🇴 Dominican Republic25.71
🇲🇦 Morocco24.77
🇨🇴 Colombia24.29
🇹🇳 Tunisia23.23
🇸🇳 Senegal22.59
🇰🇪 Kenya21.96
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka21.96
🇭🇰 China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region18.62
🇹🇼 Taiwan *18.30
🇧🇭 Bahrain17.94
🇷🇸 Serbia17.73
🇳🇬 Nigeria14.81
🇿🇦 South Africa13.02
🇲🇪 Montenegro10.83
🇦🇷 Argentina9.56
🇺🇦 Ukraine9.06
🇹🇹 Trinidad and Tobago6.46
🇵🇪 Peru5.26
🇲🇩 Republic of Moldova5.21
🇦🇲 Armenia4.74
🇬🇪 Georgia4.53
🇲🇾 Malaysia4.17
🇵🇰 Pakistan3.85
🇹🇯 Tajikistan1.87
🇦🇫 Afghanistan0.00
🇦🇱 Albania0.00
🇩🇿 Algeria0.00
🇦🇬 Antigua and Barbuda0.00
🇦🇿 Azerbaijan0.00
🇧🇧 Barbados0.00
🇧🇾 Belarus0.00
🇧🇿 Belize0.00
🇧🇯 Benin0.00
🇧🇹 Bhutan0.00
🇧🇴 Bolivia (Plurinational State of)0.00
🇧🇼 Botswana0.00
🇧🇫 Burkina Faso0.00
🇧🇮 Burundi0.00
🇰🇭 Cambodia0.00
🇨🇲 Cameroon0.00
🇨🇫 Central African Republic0.00
🇹🇩 Chad0.00
🇨🇱 Chile0.00
🇨🇮 Côte d'Ivoire0.00
🇨🇩 Democratic Republic of the Congo0.00
🇪🇨 Ecuador0.00
🇪🇬 Egypt0.00
🇸🇻 El Salvador0.00
🇪🇷 Eritrea0.00
🇪🇹 Ethiopia0.00
🇬🇦 Gabon0.00
🇬🇲 Gambia0.00
🇬🇭 Ghana0.00
🇬🇹 Guatemala0.00
🇬🇳 Guinea0.00
🇬🇾 Guyana0.00
🇭🇹 Haiti0.00
🇭🇳 Honduras0.00
🇯🇲 Jamaica0.00
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan0.00
🇽🇰 Kosovo0.00
🇰🇬 Kyrgyz Republic0.00
🇱🇦 Lao People's Democratic Republic0.00
🇱🇧 Lebanon0.00
🇱🇸 Lesotho0.00
🇱🇷 Liberia0.00
🇱🇾 Libya0.00
🇲🇼 Malawi0.00
🇲🇱 Mali0.00
🇲🇽 Mexico0.00
🇲🇳 Mongolia0.00
🇲🇿 Mozambique0.00
🇲🇲 Myanmar0.00
🇳🇦 Namibia0.00
🇳🇵 Nepal0.00
🇳🇪 Niger0.00
🇴🇲 Oman0.00
🇵🇦 Panama0.00
🇵🇾 Paraguay0.00
🇶🇦 Qatar0.00
🇷🇼 Rwanda0.00
🇱🇨 Saint Lucia0.00
🇸🇱 Sierra Leone0.00
🇸🇴 Somalia0.00
🇸🇸 South Sudan0.00
🇹🇭 Thailand0.00
🇹🇬 Togo0.00
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan0.00
🇺🇬 Uganda0.00
🇹🇿 United Republic of Tanzania0.00
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan0.00
🇿🇲 Zambia0.00
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe0.00

*In the table above, data was collected for Chinese Taipei (commonly referred to as Taiwan) and the West Bank, which is under the administration of the Palestinian Authority. No data collection took place in Gaza. We recognize that these are, at the time of writing, disputed jurisdictions.

FEEDBACK
FEEDBACK
FEEDBACK
FEEDBACK

We welcome any feedback with regards to insights from the Index for the thematic areas. Feel free to reach out girai[at]globalcenter.ai

REPORT 2024

Global Index on Responsible AI Report 2024

Uniquely measured across human rights-based benchmarks, discover the evidence, trends, scoring and rankings of 138 countries globally.

REPORT 2024

Global Index on Responsible AI Report 2024

Uniquely measured across human rights-based benchmarks, discover the evidence, trends, scoring and rankings of 138 countries globally.

REPORT 2024

Global Index on Responsible AI Report 2024

Uniquely measured across human rights-based benchmarks, discover the evidence, trends, scoring and rankings of 138 countries globally.

REPORT 2024

Global Index on Responsible AI Report 2024

Uniquely measured across human rights-based benchmarks, discover the evidence, trends, scoring and rankings of 138 countries globally.